Egg phospholipids exert an inhibitory effect on intestinal cholesterol absorption in mice

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Consumption of cholesterol-rich foods, such as eggs, has a minimal effect on circulating cholesterol levels in healthy humans. To gain insight, we investigated whether phospholipids rich in eggs (EPL) interfere with intestinal cholesterol absorption in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS: To investigate the acute effect of EPL on intestinal cholesterol absorption, male C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with 6, 11, or 19 mg of EPL for three days. We also tested the effect of chronic EPL consumption on cholesterol metabolism in the small intestine and the liver in mice with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat/high cholesterol (HF/HC; 35% fat, 0.25% cholesterol, w/w) diet for 4 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia, and subsequently the mice were either fed 0, 0.4 or 0.8% (w/w) of EPL for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Intestinal cholesterol absorption was significantly decreased by the highest dose of acute EPL administration compared to control. Chronic EPL supplementation did not significantly alter intestinal cholesterol absorption nor plasma levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the small intestine and the liver, EPL supplementation minimally altered the expression of genes which regulate cellular cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: Although chronic EPL consumption was not able to counteract hypercholesterolemia in HF/HC-fed mice, acute EPL administration decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption. This study provides in vivo evidence that acute administration of PLs in eggs prevent cholesterol absorption in the intestine, suggesting a mechanism for a minimal effect of egg consumption on circulating cholesterol levels.

Identification of C C Location of Unsaturated Phosphatidylcholines in Cell by Photochemical Reaction-Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A method of identification of C=C location and relative quantitation of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine ( PC ) isomers in breast cells by online photochemical reaction-pulsed directed current electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry ( PB-pulsed-dc-ESI-MS/MS) was established with benzophenone ( BP) as a photochemical reactant. The three-phase extraction method was used to extract the lipids in the cells, and then the C=C in the unsaturated PC and the carbonyl in BP were specifically cycled under the irradiation of 254 nm ultraviolet light (Paternò-Büchi, PB reaction). The PB products were ionized and mass-isolated for low-energy collision dissociation through the non-contact pulsed-dc-ESI ionization method. The double bond position and the relative content of the location isomers were obtained from the resulting ions in the MS/MS spectrum. The C=C location of 8 kinds of unsaturated PCs in MCF-7 and MCF-10A was detected, and the relative contents of 4 kinds of C=C location isoforms were analyzed. It was found that the relative abundance of △9 isomer in PC 16:018:1 was not significantly different between the two cells. The relative abundance of△9 isomers in PC 18:018:1 and PC 18:118:1 was slightly different. However, there is a big difference of △9 in LPC 18:1 between the cancer cell and normal cell (56. 0% ± 1. 3% vs. 71. 7% ± 6. 8%). The establishment of such a rapid and easy mass spectrometry method can analyze the C=C location and the relative content of location isomers, and it is expected to be a powerful tool to identify different cell states and different disease states.

Clinical value of polyene phosphatidyl choline combined with lifestyle intervention in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of polyene phosphatidyl choline combined with lifestyle intervention in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver.Methods A total of 120 cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver patients were divided into two groups by random number table method with 60 cases in each,control group was given the liver lipid lowering drugs,lifestyle and other conventional treatment,observation group was treated with polyene phosphatidyl choline on the basis of the control group,treatment for 3 months,the curative effect in two groups was compared.Results The triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (T C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamine transferase (GGT) after treatment in two groups were significantly improved than those before treatment [contwl group:(2.4 ±0.6) mmol/L vs.(3.3 ± 1.3) mmol/L,(4.4 ± 1.4) mmol/L vs.(2.2 ± 1.0) mmol/L,(3.0 ± 0.5) mmol/L vs.(3.5 ± 0.8) mmol/L,(1.3 ± 0.6) mmol/L vs.(0.9 ± 0.5) mmol/L,(42.3 ± 11.5) U/L vs.(109.7 ± 36.8) U/L,(40.8 ±7.4) U/L vs.(49.8 ±9.8) U/L,(54.2 ± 12.3) U/L vs.(63.4± 15.7) U/L; observation group:(1.1 ± 0.4) mmol/L vs.(3.3 ± 1.1) mmol/L,(6.1 ± 1.5) mmol/L vs.(2.3 ± 1.1) mmol/L,(2.6 ± 0.4) mmol/L vs.(3.6 ± 0.9) mmol/L,(1.7 ± 0.7) mmol/L vs.(0.9 ± 0.6) mmol/L,(78.6 ± 19.8) U/L vs.(112.1 ±41.1) U/L,(30.2 ±7.8) U/L vs.(51.2 ± 11.3) U/L,(42.7 ±9.8) U/L vs.(66.8 ± 14.6) U/L],and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),and observation group was better than control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate in observation group was higher than that in control group [93.3％(56/60) vs.76.7％(46/60)],and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with before treatment,the physical health,mental health,social health in two groups were significantly improved [control group:(135.6 ± 21.2) scores vs.(127.8 ± 18.9) score,(121.9 ± 16.9) scores vs.(110.2 ± 13.6) scores,(85.8 ± 12.1) scores vs.(78.9 ± 11.1) scores;observation group:(149.4 ±20.2) scores vs.(128.1 ±21.9) scores,(142.3 ±23.1) scores vs.(108.9 ± 12.8) scores,(94.1 ± 15.3) scores vs.(80.2 ± 13.5) scores],and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05),and observation group was better than control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Polyene phosphatidyl choline combined with lifestyle intervention in treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver has obvious curative effect,which can significantly improve the liver function and improve the quality of life of patients,it is safe and effective method in treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and worthy clinical promotion.

Advent of Novel Phosphatidylcholine-Associated Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with Improved Gastrointestinal Safety

The mucosa of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract exhibits hydrophobic, nonwettable properties that protect the underlying epithelium from gastric acid and other luminal toxins. These biophysical characteristics appear to be attributable to the presence of an extracellular lining of surfactant-like phospholipids on the luminal aspects of the mucus gel layer. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) represents the most abundant and surface-active form of gastric phospholipids. PC protected experimental rats from a number of ulcerogenic agents and/or conditions including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are chemically associated with PC. Moreover, preassociating a number of the NSAIDs with exogenous PC prevented a decrease in the hydrophobic characteristics of the mucus gel layer and protected rats against the injurious GI side effects of NSAIDs while enhancing and/or maintaining their therapeutic activity. Bile plays an important role in the ability of NSAIDs to induce small intestinal injury. NSAIDs are rapidly absorbed from the GI tract and, in many cases, undergo enterohepatic circulation. Thus, NSAIDs with extensive enterohepatic cycling are more toxic to the GI tract and are capable of attenuating the surface hydrophobic properties of the mucosa of the lower GI tract. Biliary PC plays an essential role in the detoxification of bile salt micelles. NSAIDs that are secreted into the bile injure the intestinal mucosa via their ability to chemically associate with PC, which forms toxic mixed micelles and limits the concentration of biliary PC available to interact with and detoxify bile salts. We have worked to develop a family of PC-associated NSAIDs that appear to have improved GI safety profiles with equivalent or better therapeutic efficacy in both rodent model systems and pilot clinical trials.

Intervention effect of lecithin on cell membrane injury of African green monkey kidney exposed to sodium arsenite in vitro / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the lecithin's effect on membrane of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) exposed to sodium arsenite(NaAsO2). Methods Vero cells cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups:control group (saline), model group (2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), high eoncentration of lecithin and arsenic group (53.33mg/L lecithin + 2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), low eoncentration of lecithin and arsenic group( 13.32 mg/L lecithin + 2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), 6 bottles of cells in each group, medium was changed every 2 days, cultured for 120 h. Na+ ,K+-ATPase activities of membrane were measured by spectrophotometry, and membrane phospholipids composition including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethano-lamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingmyelin (SM) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The Na~, K+-ATPase activities of membrane of control group, model group, high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group, low concentration of lecithin and arsenic group were (0.962 ± 0.081) × 106, (0.544 ± 0.037) × 106, (0.647 ± 0.043) x 106, (0.550±Compared with control group, the Na+ ,K+-ATPase activities of other 3 groups were significantly reduced (all P 0.05). Compared with control group[(0.087 ± 0.003), (0.127 ± 0.053), (0.588 ± 0.105),(0.071 ± 0.029)g/L], PS, PE, PC, SM levels in model group[(0.051 ± 0.018), (0.073 + 0.030), (0.240 ±0.038), (0.047 ± 0.121 )g/L] were significantly lower(all P 0.05), but SM[(0.057 ± 0.004)g/L] significantly decreased(P 0.05]. Compared with model group,the levels of PS, PE, PC, SM in high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group were significantly higher(all P 0.05), and PC was significantly higher(P < 0.05). Conclusions High concentration lecithin has certain protective effect on Vero cell membrane exposured to sodium arsenite.

Count of Amnionic Fluid Lamellar Body to Predict the Maturity of Fetal Lung / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To discuss the value of amnionic fluid lamellar body count(LBC) as a predictor of fetal lung maturity. Methods Amnionic fluid was obtained during the cesarean section of 41 normal term pregnancies. LBC was performed on each specimen, and lecithin-sphingomyelin(L/S) ratio was detected simultaneously. Results (1)Amnionic fluid LBC was (86?43)?10 3 (72.5?10 3~99.4?10 3) in normal term pregnancy. (2) Positive correlation was shown between the amnionic fluid LBC and L/S ratio(r=0.66,P=0.001). Conclusion The LBC is a rapid and accurate method to determine the fetal lung maturity.